Wrestling diet plan for cutting weight

What a wrestling weight cut diet is actually for

A wrestling diet during a descent has one job: lose body fat at the rate the rules allow while keeping enough fuel and protein to train. Everything else is detail.

That framing matters because the sport's folk version of a cut is the opposite. The traditional picture is a wrestler eating almost nothing through the week and making the scale in the last day by sweating. The American College of Sports Medicine's 1996 position stand on weight loss in wrestlers was already describing that pattern as having significant adverse consequences for performance, health, and normal growth and development, and called for education toward sound nutrition and for rules limiting weight loss.

The rules came. After three collegiate wrestlers died between November and December 1997 during rapid weight-loss regimens, as documented by the CDC, the NCAA built a weight management programme whose stated goals include establishing a healthy weight class early in the season, with time to achieve it, and eliminating the tools used for rapid dehydration. The current packet says plainly that removing body fat is a slow process and that weight-loss goals should be agreed between the wrestler and medical personnel, including registered dietitians.

The consequence for food is direct. If the descent must be slow and must come mostly from fat, then the diet is the main tool, and it runs for weeks or months rather than days. The 2025 ISSN position stand makes the same point for same-day weigh-in sports: it notes that athletes competing with same-day weigh-ins, such as wrestling or jiu jitsu, may need a greater reliance on loss of body fat and regulation of lean tissue mass, because the window for rapid weight loss and rehydration is limited.

So the useful question is not what to eat on Friday. It is what to eat on an ordinary Tuesday in November, fifty times over.

The rate limit: 1.5 percent a week, and what it means in food

The rate is set by the rules, and it is the single most important number in a wrestling diet. Both of the main US programmes cap it at 1.5 percent of body weight per week.

In the NCAA, it is built into the certification arithmetic. The lowest allowable weight has two components, and the second is calculated using 1.5 percent of body weight lost per week from the initial certification to the certification date. In high school, state associations implement the NFHS weight-management rule; the University Interscholastic League in Texas, for example, states that a maximum weight loss of 1.5 percent of a wrestler's alpha body weight per week has been established. The mechanics of both floors are covered in detail elsewhere on this site, and the wrestling weight certification calculator applies the same formulas to your own assessment.

The National Athletic Trainers' Association position statement on weight loss arrives at the same ceiling from the clinical side. It says weight-loss goals should average roughly 1 to 2 pounds (0.5 to 0.9 kg) per week and should not exceed 1.5 percent of body weight per week, and that a higher rate indicates dehydration or other restrictive behaviours.

The 2025 ISSN combat-sport stand frames it in kilograms: combat athletes are commonly recommended to aim for 0.5–1 kg a week, with the energy deficit based largely on total daily energy needs, and the rate contingent on the length of the camp and how much mass must go. That stand is written mainly around adult professional fighters, not scholastic wrestlers, which is why the rules-based figure is the better anchor here.

Here is what the ceiling means in practice, as a worked scenario:

Four-week totals are simple multiples of the first week, so they slightly overstate the real ceiling, which shrinks as body weight falls. The point is the ceiling itself. A diet that produces faster loss than this is not a better diet; under the NCAA formula it cannot even be credited, and under the NATA statement it is a warning sign.

Before planning any food, it is worth putting your own start weight and target into the weight cut calculator to see whether the goal fits inside that rate at all. If it does not, no meal plan fixes it. The answer is a different weight class or a longer runway.

The floors: carbohydrate, protein and fat

The 2025 ISSN position stand on nutrition and weight-cut strategies for combat sports states that macronutrients should not drop below the following: carbohydrates 3.0–4.0 g/kg, protein 1.2–2.0 g/kg, and fat 0.5 to 1.0 g/kg/day.

Read the wording carefully. These are minimums for a descent, written for adult combat athletes. They describe the edge of what the authors considered acceptable during weight loss, not an optimum. A floor given as a range is best read conservatively: the higher end is the safer margin when training is hard.

For a 70 kg adult wrestler, the arithmetic is:

The energy column uses the standard 4, 4 and 9 kcal per gram. The practical lesson is the bottom-left figure: even at the lowest end of every floor, the day already costs about 1,490 kcal. A wrestler eating 1,200 kcal a day while practising twice has broken at least one floor, whatever the macros look like.

Carbohydrate is the fuel for repeated high-intensity efforts, which is what a wrestling match is. It is usually the first thing cut and the most expensive to lose. The NATA statement notes that carbohydrate needs rise with training volume and gives a general athletic range of 55 to 70 percent of energy. For a wrestler in a deficit, the ISSN floor is the more specific guide.

Protein is the lever with the strongest evidence for protecting lean mass in a deficit. The ISSN floor is 1.2–2.0 g/kg, but other position stands put the figure for maximising lean-mass retention in trained athletes in a deficit considerably higher. We cover why those numbers differ, and which denominator they use, in protein during a weight cut. The ISSN stand also notes that a protein bolus of 20–40 g after exercise is known to stimulate muscle protein synthesis, which is a sensible way to structure the post-practice meal.

Fat is where most of the deficit usually comes from in practice, because it is the most energy-dense macronutrient. It still has a floor. Going below 0.5 g/kg/day for weeks is outside what the stand describes.

For a fuller treatment of how these floors behave across a longer camp, and why they get harder to hit as body mass falls, see fight camp nutrition, week by week. The same arithmetic applies to a wrestling season; the calendar is just longer.

Why the calorie number is a starting guess, not a target

Every meal plan for wrestlers cutting weight eventually produces a calorie number. Treat it as a first estimate, then let the scale correct it.

The classic rule of thumb is that one pound of weight loss needs a 3,500 kcal deficit. The NATA statement repeats it, and by that rule a loss of one pound a week needs a deficit of about 500 kcal a day. It is a convenient starting point.

It is also known to be imperfect. Kevin Hall, at the National Institutes of Health, examined the rule in the International Journal of Obesity in 2008. His model predicts that the rule roughly matches the energy content of weight lost in people with a lot of initial body fat, but overestimates the deficit needed per unit of weight loss for people with lower initial body fat, because a greater share of their loss comes from lean tissue, which carries less energy per kilogram than fat.

Wrestlers are, for the most part, the lean people in that sentence. Two consequences follow. A given deficit may produce faster scale loss than the rule predicts, and some of that extra loss is likely to be lean mass, which is the tissue a wrestler most wants to keep. That is one more reason to hold the protein floor and to avoid deep deficits, not a reason to celebrate a fast week.

The practical method is boring and works: pick a starting intake that respects the floors, weigh under the same conditions several mornings a week, look at the weekly average rather than any single day, and adjust by a modest amount if the trend is outside the rate you planned. Food records are themselves imprecise, and the size of that error is covered in food logging accuracy in fight camp. Trust the trend over the log when they disagree.

Training days and rest days

Eat more on hard days and less on easy days, and keep protein roughly constant across both. That is the simplest honest summary of periodised eating for a wrestler.

The general sports-nutrition position stand from the Academy of Nutrition and Dietetics, Dietitians of Canada and the American College of Sports Medicine takes the view that intake should be matched to the type, amount and timing of training, and recommends referral to a registered dietitian for a personalised plan. A 2019 review of carbohydrate availability in Nutrients by Mata and colleagues makes the same point more bluntly: no universal carbohydrate recommendation can be given, because intake should be periodised to training load and objectives.

For a wrestler, that translates into three practical rules:

1. Carbohydrate moves with the day. A day with a two-hour practice needs more than a recovery day. On the hardest days, aim well above the 3.0 g/kg floor; on rest days, the floor is a reasonable place to sit.
2. Protein stays put. The requirement to protect lean mass does not disappear on a rest day. Spreading it across three to five eating occasions is easier to hit than two large servings.
3. Fat fills the gap. Once carbohydrate and protein are set for the day, fat is the flexible remainder, kept above its own floor.

The Sports Dietitians Australia position statement on adolescent athletes describes the same pattern in terms a teenager can use: moderate eating to reflect daily exercise demands, and spread high-quality carbohydrate and protein across the day, especially immediately after training.

A worked sample day

What follows is a worked scenario, not a plan for any individual. It describes a hypothetical 70 kg (154 lb) adult collegiate wrestler on a practice day, eating ordinary foods, with every value taken per 100 g from the USDA FoodData Central SR Legacy database and scaled by weight. Totals are arithmetic on those values.

Against the floors, per kilogram of a 70 kg body:

• Carbohydrate: 285.8 g is 4.08 g/kg, just above the top of the 3.0–4.0 floor.
• Protein: 137.3 g is 1.96 g/kg, at the top of the 1.2–2.0 floor.
• Fat: 47.5 g is 0.68 g/kg, inside the 0.5–1.0 floor.

A rest-day version of the same scenario removes the pretzels and cuts the rice to 150 g. That takes out 245 kcal, 52.3 g carbohydrate, 5.7 g protein and 1.2 g fat, leaving about 1,860 kcal, 234 g carbohydrate (3.34 g/kg), 132 g protein (1.88 g/kg) and 46 g fat (0.66 g/kg). Still above every floor.

Three cautions about this table. First, whether 2,105 kcal produces a loss, a hold or a gain for a real 70 kg wrestler depends on that person's actual expenditure, which is unknown here and varies widely with practice volume; the scale trend is the only arbiter. Second, the numbers are database values for generic foods. Branded products and home cooking differ, sometimes by a lot. Third, this is an adult scenario. It is not a template to copy onto a 15-year-old, whose energy needs include growth that this arithmetic does not model.

What the scenario does show is shape. Protein appears at every meal. Carbohydrate is loaded toward breakfast, the pre-practice snack and dinner, around the training session. Fat is modest but not absent. And none of it is exotic: oats, sandwiches, rice, lean meat, fruit, yogurt and milk.

Meals that survive a school day

The school day is where most wrestling diets fail, and it is a logistics problem more than a nutrition one. Practice usually runs after the last bell, lunch may be early and short, and the gap between lunch and practice can be several hours.

The pattern in the sample day is built around that schedule:

• Breakfast is not optional. A wrestler who skips it and eats a small lunch arrives at practice having eaten very little since the previous evening. Oats, eggs, milk, yogurt, fruit and toast are all portable or quick.
• Pack lunch when the cafeteria cannot be predicted. A sandwich with a lean protein, a piece of fruit and a carbohydrate is easy to weigh once and repeat. Repetition makes logging easier and the trend easier to read.
• Plan the pre-practice snack deliberately. The long afternoon gap is where energy runs out. A carbohydrate-led snack an hour or two before practice, with some protein, bridges it. Mata and colleagues' review cites a general guideline of 1–4 g/kg of carbohydrate in the 1–4 hours before exercise; in a deficit, the low end of that range is the realistic one, and the guideline was not derived from wrestlers.
• Eat soon after practice. Adolescent guidance from Sports Dietitians Australia specifically highlights the period immediately after training for carbohydrate and protein. For many wrestlers, that means a snack in the bag for the ride home, then dinner.
• Keep the evening meal ordinary. Rice, potatoes, pasta or tortillas with a lean protein and vegetables. Dinner is the easiest meal to control and the easiest place to make up a shortfall from the day.

The same Sports Dietitians Australia statement flags calcium, vitamin D and iron as nutrients adolescent athletes are at elevated risk of falling short on. Dairy, lean red meat, beans and fortified cereals are not optional extras for a teenager in a deficit; they are how those needs get met from food, which is what the statement recommends over supplements.

Snacks for wrestlers cutting weight

The best snacks for a wrestler in a descent are the ones that deliver carbohydrate or protein for a modest amount of energy, travel well, and can be weighed or counted. There is nothing magic about any of them.

Using USDA FoodData Central values per 100 g, a few common options compare like this:

Two things stand out. Fruit and yogurt are low in energy per gram and easy to eat in volume. Peanut butter is a good food, but at nearly 600 kcal per 100 g it is the snack most likely to blow a day's budget by accident, which is why the sample day weighs it at 16 g. Dried fruit and pretzels are dense carbohydrate for before or between sessions, not for grazing.

A snack between classes that pairs a carbohydrate with a protein source, such as fruit and yogurt, or a small sandwich, is the most useful default. What matters more than the choice is that it is planned, because an unplanned afternoon usually ends in either nothing or a vending machine.

Tournament day: eating between weigh-in and matches

Tournament refuelling is the part of wrestling nutrition with the least direct evidence, and the honest position is to say how little is known before saying what to eat.

Start with the format. A 2017 review by Reale, Slater and Burke of Olympic combat sports notes that weigh-ins run anywhere from 3 to 24 hours before competition, and that the time available after weigh-in determines what degree of acute loss can be reversed. Scholastic wrestling commonly weighs in on the day of competition, which the ISSN stand explicitly groups with same-day weigh-in sports where the recovery window is limited. Check your own association's current rules for exact timing and allowances, which vary by level and state and change between seasons.

Now the evidence itself:

• Kondo and colleagues (2021) studied ten elite male collegiate wrestlers who lost 6 percent of body mass in 53 hours, then ate three meals containing a total of 7.1 g/kg of carbohydrate over an evening. Muscle glycogen had not recovered at 2 or 4 hours and remained below baseline 13 hours after the first meal. The authors concluded that this intake was insufficient to recover glycogen within 13 hours after a 6 percent loss.
• Rankin and colleagues (1996) fed twelve collegiate wrestlers a low-energy formula diet of 18 kcal/kg for 72 hours without dehydration, then refed them for 5 hours. Work capacity fell to 92.4 percent of baseline after the restriction. The high-carbohydrate refeeding group recovered to 99.1 percent and the moderate-carbohydrate group to 91.5 percent, but the difference was not statistically significant (P = 0.1); the authors describe a tendency.
• Sun and colleagues (2026) pooled 40 studies of recovery after rapid weight loss in combat athletes in Frontiers in Nutrition. They found no nutritional or rehydration strategy with evidence homogeneous enough to compare head-to-head. Carbohydrate refeeding protocols ranged from 1.5 to 7.1 g/kg, and of 12 studies reporting performance, three showed improvement, six mixed or unclear results and three impairment.

The 2025 ISSN stand gives post-weigh-in carbohydrate figures of 8–12 g/kg for athletes who undertook significant glycogen depletion during fight week, and about 4–7 g/kg after modest restriction. Those figures are written for combat athletes with a day-before weigh-in and a long recovery window. They do not transfer to a wrestler with an hour or two between the scale and the first bout, and trying to eat 8 g/kg in that window is more likely to produce a heavy, unsettled stomach than a better match.

What follows from all of this, stated as reportage rather than protocol: the evidence points toward arriving at weigh-ins already fuelled, because a wrestler who has eaten to the floors through the week has less to recover. That is the whole case for a gradual descent. After weigh-in, the common-sense options in the literature are familiar, easily digested carbohydrate with some fluid and a modest amount of protein, sized to the time available and tested in practice first, never on the day.

Between matches

Between bouts on a tournament day, small and familiar beats large and ambitious. The one wrestling-specific trial on this question found no performance difference from a carbohydrate dose, which is informative in itself.

Jang and colleagues (2011) had nine well-trained male college wrestlers complete three simulated matches with one hour between the first two and two hours between the second and third. After match two they received 1.2 g/kg of glucose, glucose with amino acids, or water. Peak and average power in the following match were similar across all three conditions.

That is one small study of simulated matches in adult men, so it does not show that eating between matches is useless. It suggests that a large carbohydrate dose in a short gap is unlikely to change the next match much, and that the bigger lever is what was eaten in the days before. In practice, wrestlers use small portions of whatever they have already tolerated in training: fruit, a small sandwich, crackers, a sports drink. The principle is avoiding a new food on competition day, not finding a special one.

A multi-day tournament changes the arithmetic. The evening after day one is effectively a recovery window, and the same floors that governed the week apply again. The Kondo result is a warning that glycogen does not fully restore overnight after a steep cut, which is another argument for not arriving depleted in the first place.

Low energy availability and RED-S: the signs to watch

Low energy availability means too little energy left over, after training, for the body's other work. Over time it produces Relative Energy Deficiency in Sport, or REDs, which the International Olympic Committee describes as a syndrome of harmful health and performance outcomes in both female and male athletes.

The 2023 IOC consensus statement is the current reference. It notes that more than 170 new studies had been published since its previous edition, including growing evidence on the role of low carbohydrate availability and more data on males. For males specifically, it states that the energy availability threshold at which problems appear is even less understood than in females and appears to be lower, and that problematic low energy availability in men is associated with effects on reproductive hormones, metabolism, immune function, bone health, performance and lean mass accrual. It names low libido and decreased morning erections as emerging indicators in males.

The IOC's own list of symptoms athletes report includes hunger, depression, low libido, bone stress injury, amenorrhoea in females, and performance or training plateaus or declines. For a wrestler, the practical early-warning list looks like this:

• Practice performance flattening or falling across two or more weeks while the scale still drops.
• Persistent hunger, preoccupation with food, or eating in binges after restriction.
• Mood change: irritability, low mood, loss of interest in the sport.
• Frequent illness or slow recovery from knocks and strains.
• For girls, missed or irregular periods. For boys, low libido.
• Weight dropping faster than the planned rate, which the NATA statement treats as a sign of restrictive behaviour.

The NATA statement adds context wrestling cannot ignore: it reports that 11 percent of wrestlers have been found to have eating disorders or disordered eating, and that up to 45 percent were at risk of developing one. The NCAA packet also notes that rapid weight loss or gain can be an indicator that an athlete is ill, severely restricting or dehydrating, or binge eating.

None of these signs is diagnostic on its own, and they overlap with ordinary fatigue. The response to a cluster of them is a conversation with a physician, athletic trainer or registered dietitian, not a harder diet. The longer treatment of this is in low energy availability and REDs in combat sports.

The adolescent problem

Most of the numbers in this article were measured on adults, and most of them on men. High-school wrestlers are still growing, and the evidence does not tell us how the adult floors, rates and refuelling figures behave in a body that is also building bone and height.

Here is what is known. The 2025 ISSN combat-sport stand contains no youth-specific recommendations. The Sports Dietitians Australia position statement on adolescent athletes says adolescent athletes have unique nutritional requirements because they train and compete on top of the demands of growth and development, and that dietary advice for them should reinforce eating for long-term health. It recommends a regular spread of carbohydrate and protein across the day, particular attention to calcium, vitamin D and iron, and meeting needs from food rather than supplements.

The American Academy of Pediatrics published a clinical report, Promotion of Healthy Weight-Control Practices in Young Athletes, in Pediatrics in 2017. It names wrestling and martial arts as weight-class sports in which young athletes may attempt to lose weight, describes unhealthy methods and the policies used to curb them, and reviews healthier strategies for weight change. The IOC REDs statement also uses different thresholds for adolescents in some of its clinical markers, such as heart rate, which is a reminder that adolescent bodies are assessed differently.

What that adds up to, stated plainly: there is no validated adolescent version of the macro floors in this article, and we will not invent one. For a high-school wrestler, the high-school certification rules set the outer limits on body fat and rate of loss, and the eating plan inside them should come from a physician, athletic trainer or sports dietitian who can see the athlete. The sample day above is an adult scenario and should not be scaled down by arithmetic for a teenager.

The UIL makes a related point worth quoting in substance: its minimum weight is the lowest weight at which a wrestler may compete, not a recommendation that it is the athlete's best weight. That is true of every floor in this article.

What we could not verify

• The floors' application to wrestling specifically. The ISSN macro floors come from a position stand focused on mixed martial arts and other combat sports, largely adult professionals. We found no equivalent figures derived from scholastic or collegiate wrestlers.
• Any adolescent macronutrient floor for weight loss. None of the sources we checked publishes one. We name the gap rather than scale adult figures down.
• The 2026 Frontiers meta-analysis in detail. We read the published article's summary of its methods and results; we did not re-check each of its 40 included studies.
• Carbohydrate and energy ranges in the Thomas, Erdman and Burke joint position stand. We confirmed its position and its recommendation to refer athletes to a registered dietitian from the published abstract, but did not access the full text, so we do not quote its tables.
• Current weigh-in timing and allowances for your competition. These vary by state association, by NCAA, NAIA and junior college, and by season. We verified the 1.5 percent weekly rate in the NCAA 2025-26 packet and in UIL Texas documentation, not in every state.
• Energy expenditure for any individual wrestler. The sample day is arithmetic on food values. Whether it produces loss depends on expenditure we cannot know, which is why the scale trend decides.
• The NATA statement's currency. It was published in 2011. It remains available from NATA, but some of its underlying citations predate the current NCAA and NFHS rules.

Sources

Sourced to

1. International society of sports nutrition position stand: nutrition and weight cut strategies for mixed martial arts and other combat sports — Ricci AA et al., Journal of the International Society of Sports Nutrition, 2025;22(1):2467909. DOI 10.1080/15502783.2025.2467909, PMID 40059405
2. 2025-26 NCAA Men's Wrestling Weight Management Program Packet — National Collegiate Athletic Association, 2025; LAW2 calculation at 1.5 percent per week, programme goals and nutrition guidance
3. Wrestling Minimum Weight Certification Program Information — University Interscholastic League, Texas; state implementation of the NFHS weight-management rule
4. Rules in Place to Guard Against Weight Cutting in Wrestling — Ronshaugen N, Moffatt K, Koontz J, National Federation of State High School Associations, 5 October 2022
5. National Athletic Trainers' Association Position Statement: Safe Weight Loss and Maintenance Practices in Sport and Exercise — Turocy PS et al., Journal of Athletic Training, 2011;46(3):322–336, PMID 21669104
6. American College of Sports Medicine position stand: Weight loss in wrestlers — Oppliger RA, Case HS, Horswill CA, Landry GL, Shelter AC, Medicine and Science in Sports and Exercise, 1996, PMID 8926865
7. Effects of an overnight high-carbohydrate meal on muscle glycogen after rapid weight loss in male collegiate wrestlers — Kondo E et al., BMC Sports Science, Medicine and Rehabilitation, 2021;13:96. DOI 10.1186/s13102-021-00325-w, PMID 34416921
8. Effect of weight loss and refeeding diet composition on anaerobic performance in wrestlers — Rankin JW, Ocel JV, Craft LL, Medicine and Science in Sports and Exercise, 1996;28(10):1292–1299. DOI 10.1097/00005768-199610000-00013, PMID 8897387
9. Effects of carbohydrate, branched-chain amino acids, and arginine in recovery period on the subsequent performance in wrestlers — Jang TR et al., Journal of the International Society of Sports Nutrition, 2011;8:21. DOI 10.1186/1550-2783-8-21, PMID 22107883
10. Effects of rehydration and nutritional recovery strategies after rapid weight loss on body mass recovery, hydration status, and performance in combat sports athletes: a systematic review and meta-analysis — Sun J, Song H, Sun J, Frontiers in Nutrition, 2026;13:1943678. DOI 10.3389/fnut.2026.1943678
11. Individualised dietary strategies for Olympic combat sports: Acute weight loss, recovery and competition nutrition — Reale R, Slater G, Burke LM, European Journal of Sport Science, 2017;17(6):727–740. DOI 10.1080/17461391.2017.1297489, PMID 28316263
12. Carbohydrate Availability and Physical Performance: Physiological Overview and Practical Recommendations — Mata F et al., Nutrients, 2019;11(5):1084. DOI 10.3390/nu11051084
13. American College of Sports Medicine Joint Position Statement. Nutrition and Athletic Performance — Thomas DT, Erdman KA, Burke LM, Medicine and Science in Sports and Exercise, 2016;48(3):543–568. DOI 10.1249/MSS.0000000000000852, PMID 26891166
14. What is the required energy deficit per unit weight loss? — Hall KD, International Journal of Obesity, 2008;32(3):573–576. DOI 10.1038/sj.ijo.0803720, PMID 17848938
15. 2023 International Olympic Committee's (IOC) consensus statement on Relative Energy Deficiency in Sport (REDs) — Mountjoy M et al., British Journal of Sports Medicine, 2023;57(17):1073–1097. DOI 10.1136/bjsports-2023-106994, PMID 37752011
16. Sports Dietitians Australia position statement: sports nutrition for the adolescent athlete — Desbrow B et al., International Journal of Sport Nutrition and Exercise Metabolism, 2014;24(5):570–584. DOI 10.1123/ijsnem.2014-0031, PMID 24668620
17. Promotion of Healthy Weight-Control Practices in Young Athletes — Carl RL, Johnson MD, Martin TJ; AAP Council on Sports Medicine and Fitness, Pediatrics, 2017;140(3):e20171871. DOI 10.1542/peds.2017-1871, PMID 28827381
18. FoodData Central — U.S. Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Research Service; SR Legacy entries 173904 (oats), 171267 (2% milk), 173944 (banana), 172688 (whole-wheat bread), 171477 (roasted chicken breast), 168202 (apple), 171312 (nonfat Greek yogurt), 167555 (pretzels), 168878 (white rice), 172851 (93% lean ground turkey), 169967 (broccoli), 172470 (peanut butter), 168164 and 168165 (raisins), queried September 2026
19. Hyperthermia and dehydration-related deaths associated with intentional rapid weight loss in three collegiate wrestlers — North Carolina, Wisconsin, and Michigan, November–December 1997 — Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, MMWR Morb Mortal Wkly Rep 1998;47(6):105–108, PMID 9480411

Read next